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package main
import "fmt"
// 基础结构体
type Address struct {
Street string
City string
ZipCode string
Country string
}
type Contact struct {
Phone string
Email string
}
// 嵌入结构体（匿名字段）
type Person struct {
Name string
Age int
Address // 匿名嵌入
Contact // 匿名嵌入
}
// 命名嵌入
type Employee struct {
ID int
Name string
HomeAddress Address // 命名嵌入
WorkAddress Address // 命名嵌入
ContactInfo Contact // 命名嵌入
}
// 方法定义
func (a Address) String() string {
return fmt.Sprintf("%s, %s %s, %s", a.Street, a.City, a.ZipCode, a.Country)
}
func (c Contact) String() string {
return fmt.Sprintf("Phone: %s, Email: %s", c.Phone, c.Email)
}
// 嵌入结构体的方法提升
type Point struct {
X, Y float64
}
func (p Point) Distance() float64 {
return math.Sqrt(p.X*p.X + p.Y*p.Y)
}
type Circle struct {
Point // 嵌入Point
Radius float64
}
func main() {
// 1. 匿名嵌入的使用
person := Person{
Name: "张三",
Age: 30,
Address: Address{
Street: "中关村大街1号",
City: "北京",
ZipCode: "100080",
Country: "中国",
},
Contact: Contact{
Phone: "13800138000",
Email: "zhangsan@example.com",
},
}
fmt.Printf("人员信息: %+v\n", person)
// 2. 直接访问嵌入字段
fmt.Printf("姓名: %s\n", person.Name)
fmt.Printf("城市: %s\n", person.City) // 直接访问Address.City
fmt.Printf("电话: %s\n", person.Phone) // 直接访问Contact.Phone
// 3. 通过嵌入类型访问
fmt.Printf("地址: %s\n", person.Address.String())
fmt.Printf("联系方式: %s\n", person.Contact.String())
// 4. 修改嵌入字段
person.City = "上海"
person.Email = "zhangsan@newcompany.com"
fmt.Printf("修改后的城市: %s\n", person.City)
fmt.Printf("修改后的邮箱: %s\n", person.Email)
// 5. 命名嵌入
employee := Employee{
ID: 1001,
Name: "李四",
HomeAddress: Address{
Street: "朝阳路100号",
City: "北京",
ZipCode: "100020",
Country: "中国",
},
WorkAddress: Address{
Street: "金融街35号",
City: "北京",
ZipCode: "100033",
Country: "中国",
},
ContactInfo: Contact{
Phone: "13900139000",
Email: "lisi@company.com",
},
}
fmt.Printf("员工信息: %+v\n", employee)
fmt.Printf("家庭地址: %s\n", employee.HomeAddress.String())
fmt.Printf("工作地址: %s\n", employee.WorkAddress.String())
// 6. 方法提升
circle := Circle{
Point: Point{X: 3, Y: 4},
Radius: 5,
}
fmt.Printf("圆心坐标: (%.1f, %.1f)\n", circle.X, circle.Y)
fmt.Printf("圆心到原点距离: %.2f\n", circle.Distance()) // 方法提升
fmt.Printf("半径: %.1f\n", circle.Radius)
// 7. 字段名冲突的处理
type A struct {
Name string
}
type B struct {
Name string
}
type C struct {
A
B
Name string // 覆盖嵌入的Name字段
}
c := C{
A: A{Name: "A的名字"},
B: B{Name: "B的名字"},
Name: "C的名字",
}
fmt.Printf("C.Name: %s\n", c.Name) // C的名字
fmt.Printf("C.A.Name: %s\n", c.A.Name) // A的名字
fmt.Printf("C.B.Name: %s\n", c.B.Name) // B的名字
}
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